直肠癌新辅助放化疗临床完全缓解后处理的争议与共识

直肠癌的治疗目标包括病人的长期生存和功能的保留。直肠癌新辅助治疗后约有20%的病人达到病理完全缓解（pCR）,如何利用现有检测手段甄选出真正pCR病人,使临床完全缓解（cCR）与pCR获得最大程度的符合度,提高保肛率或非手术治疗率,最终减少根治性手术创伤和功能损害,是目前研究的焦点。同时,cCR病人后续处理策略的选择,如‌“等待-观察”,还是局部切除或根治性手术,目前尚缺少循证医学证据支持,亦是目前争议热点。直肠癌新辅助放化疗后cCR后处理应遵循目标导向、分层治疗和全程管理原则。建议在拥有丰富直肠癌综合治疗经验的多学科诊疗团队的临床中心开展,严格筛选病例,综合考虑病人的治疗意愿、基线分期、病灶特征选择治疗策略。同时,不断完善cCR 的评估标准和随访策略,及时补救根治性手术,才能保证肿瘤学安全性和良好的功能和预后。     

Dyrk1b蛋白表达水平与宫颈癌同步放化疗疗效的关系

目的:研究双特异性酪氨酸磷酸化调节激酶1b（dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1b,Dyrk1b）蛋白在宫颈癌组织中的表达及其与放化疗治疗预后的关系。方法:选取2009年04月至2013年03月于我院就诊的宫颈癌患者80例,采用免疫组化法检测Dyrk1b蛋白表达水平。所有患者均接受三维适形放疗(3D-CRT)同步顺铂治疗。对患者进行为期5年的随访,并分析Dyrk1b蛋白表达与患者临床病理及预后之间的关系。结果:Dyrk1b低表达组有34例,高表达组有46例,Dyrk1b的高表达与年龄、病理类型无关,而与FIGO分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移和脉管浸润密切相关（P＜0.05）。高、低Dyrk1b蛋白表达组近期疗效无统计学差异（P＞0.05）,而远期疗效经Kaplan-Meier曲线分析显示,Dyrk1b蛋白高表达组患者的中位生存时间少于低表达组（29月 vs 39月,Log-rank test P=0.012）。结论:Dyrk1b蛋白在宫颈癌组织中高度表达,且随着FIGO分期的升高、分化程度的降低、淋巴结的转移和浸润深度的增加而表达增加,并影响患者的长期预后。     

同时性多原发癌伴肝转移1例并文献复习

目的 探讨同时性多发性骨髓瘤和结肠癌的病因、诊断及治疗方法。方法 对1例同时诊断为多发性骨髓瘤和结肠癌并继发肝转移患者的临床资料及相关文献进行回顾性分析。结果 患者以贫血为首发症状,骨髓穿刺术提示多发性骨髓瘤,荧光原位杂交检测示14q32 IgH基因重排阳性,肠镜及病理活检明确诊断结肠癌,数月后继发肝占位。给予VTD方案减轻骨髓负荷后行结肠癌切除术,术后采用VTD与XELOX联合方案化疗,肝占位行局部肝病损射频消融术,患者可耐受,肝转移灶较前明显缩小。 结论 同时性多发性骨髓瘤和结肠癌并伴肝转移罕见,需组织病理检查鉴别诊断原发癌与转移癌,治疗上尚无统一标准,需多学科评估制定治疗方案。     

局部晚期不可手术食管癌同步放化疗联合尼妥珠单抗的初步临床分析

目的 探讨局部晚期食管癌同步放化疗联合尼妥珠单抗治疗的不良反应及疗效。方法 回顾性分析北京大学肿瘤医院2015—2020 年间使用同步放化疗联合尼妥珠单抗治疗的 30例患者资料,采用Kaplan-Meier法生存分析。结果 中位随访时间22.5个月,总客观有效率为93%。1、2、3年总生存率分别为83%、57%、41%,无进展生存率分别为75%、47%、32%,无局部区域复发率分别为83%、53%、37%,无远处转移生存率分别为75%、51%、36%。≥3级血液学不良反应发生率为32%,3级放射性食管炎发生率为16%。结论 局部晚期食管癌同步放化疗联合尼妥珠单抗初步结果显示安全有效。     

疗前绝对淋巴细胞计数及其相关参数比对局部晚期宫颈癌患者疗效的预测价值

目的 探讨治疗前绝对淋巴细胞计数(ALC)及其中性粒-淋巴细胞比(NLR)、单核细胞-淋巴细胞比(MLR)以及血小板-淋巴细胞比(PLR)对局部晚期宫颈癌(LACC)患者预后的预测价值。方法 纳入2016-2019年间新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院收治的初诊LACC患者175例,完整记录患者的临床资料及治疗前ALC并计算NLR、MLR、PLR。采用Cox模型分析LACC患者的预后预测指标。结果 NLR降低组(<3.34)、MLR降低组(<0.315)LACC患者的无进展生存(PFS)均高于二者升高组(均P<0.05);ALC升高组(≥1.375×10⁹/L)、PLR降低组(<160.575)LACC患者的总生存(OS)均高于ALC降低组和PLR升高组(均P<0.05)。单因素分析显示高危CTV(HR-CTV)的等效剂量EQD2Gy是影响LACC患者PFS的重要预后因素(P=0.03),多因素分析显示FIGO分期(HR=2.339,95%CI为1.22~4.48,P=0.010)、同步放化疗(HR=0.213,95%CI为0.11~0.43,P<0.001)是LACC患者PFS的独立预测因素;而同步放化疗(HR=0.229,95%CI为0.07~0.81,P=0.023)和MLR(HR=4.933,95%CI为1.39~17.54,P=0.014)是LACC患者OS的独立预测因素。结论 局部晚期宫颈癌患者能在同步放化疗中获益,HR-CTV EQD2Gy剂量是影响LACC患者PFS的重要预后因素,治疗前MLR升高是影响LACC患者OS的独立预后因素。     

肺癌合并冠心病患者行同期手术的预后影响因素分析

目的探讨肺癌合并冠心病患者行同期外科手术的预后影响因素。方法选取2017年1月至2019年12月间葫芦岛市中心医院收治的100例行同期外科手术治疗的肺癌合并冠心病患者,根据预后结局分为预后良好组79例和预后不良组21例,分析影响预后不良的危险因素,探讨癌胚抗原(CEA)与CD4⁺和CD8⁺的相关性,分析肌酸激酶MB型同工酶(CK-MB)与NYHA分级及左室射血分数(LVEF)的相关性。结果两组患者性别、临床分期、病理类型、TG、TC、HDL-C和LDL-C比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者年龄、NYHA分级、CEA、CK-MB、FEV1/FVC、LVEF、CD4⁺和CD8⁺比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥60岁、NYHA分级为Ⅲ~Ⅳ级、CEA阳性、CK-MB>24U/L、FEV1/FVC<70%、LVEF<50%、CD4⁺和CD8⁺为影响患者预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。CEA与CD4+呈正相关,与CD8⁺呈负相关(P<0.05)。血清CK-MB与NYHA分级和LVEF均呈正相关(均P<0.05)。结论年龄、NYHA分级、CEA、CK-MB、肺功能、LVEF及免疫功能是影响肺癌合并冠心病患者行同期外科手术预后的危险因素,临床应制定针对性干预方案,规避不良情况。     

基于IVIM‐DWI及影像组学的列线图预测宫颈癌同步放化疗后复发

目的 探讨基于体素内不相干运动弥散加权成像（IVIM‐DWI）及MRI影像组学的列线图模型在预测局部晚期宫颈癌（LACC）同步放化疗（CCRT）后复发中的价值。方法 回顾性分析2014年12月至2019年12月于安徽省肿瘤医院接受CCRT并持续随访的111例ⅠB‐ⅣA期宫颈癌患者的临床资料。测量所有患者疗前原发灶的IVIM‐DWI定量参数（ADC、D、D^*、f值）及疗前、疗后T₂WI序列的3D纹理特征,并采用最小绝对收缩和选择算子（LASSO）算法和logistic回归分析筛选纹理特征,计算影像组学评分Rad‐score。采用Cox比例风险模型分析LACC患者CCRT后复发的独立危险因素并构建列线图。结果 外照射剂量、f值、疗前Rad‐score及疗后Rad‐score是宫颈癌CCRT复发的独立预后因素（HR=0.204、3.253、2.544、7.576）并共同组成列线图模型。模型预测1、3、5年无病生存（DFS）期的曲线下面积分别为0.895、0.888和0.916,内部验证一致性指数分别为0.859、0.903和0.867。决策曲线表明,相较于其他模型,列线图具有更高的临床净收益,临床影响曲线进一步直观地展现了模型的预测精度。结论 基于IVIM‐DWI及影像组学的列线图对预测LACC患者CCRT后复发具有较高的临床价值,可为宫颈癌患者的预后评估及个体化治疗提供参考。     

The Impact of Radiotherapy Dose in Patients with Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Receiving Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy

Objective: For patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by planned esophagectomy is used as a curative treatment modality. However, the impact of radiotherapy dose remains undefined. Method: A total of 141 patients with stage III esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC; as defined by the 7th American Joint Committee on Cancer), receiving preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by esophagectomy between 2000 and 2015 at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, were retrospectively reviewed. The radiotherapy dose of preoperative chemoradiotherapy (36 Gy before 2009 and 50–50.4 Gy after 2009) and other clinicopathological parameters were collected and correlated with the response to chemoradiotherapy and treatment outcome. Result: Of these 141 patients, the radiotherapy dose was 36 Gy in 59 (42%) patients and 50 Gy in 82 (58%) patients. A complete pathological response was noted in 12 (20%) of 59 patients receiving 36 Gy radiotherapy, and 37 (45%) of 82 patients receiving 50 Gy radiotherapy (p = 0.002). The three-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were 31% and 25% in patients receiving 36 Gy radiotherapy, and 54% and 46% in patients receiving 50–50.4 Gy radiotherapy, respectively (p = 0.023 for overall survival; p = 0.047 for disease-free survival). Multivariate analysis showed that a higher radiotherapy dose was associated with increased pathological complete response (p = 0.003, hazard ratio: 3.215), better overall survival (p = 0.024, hazard ratio: 1.585), and superior disease-free survival (p = 0.049, hazard ratio: 1.493). However, higher radiotherapy doses revealed more surgical complications, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (p = 0.048) and anastomosis leaks (p = 0.004). Conclusion: For patients with locally advanced ESCC, preoperative chemoradiotherapy with higher radiotherapy doses led to increased pathologic complete response rates and improved survival.     

Feasibility and Efficacy of Inspiratory Muscle Training in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer receiving Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy

Objectives: Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) often experience pulmonary symptoms. This study evaluated if a 7-week inspiratory muscle training (IMT) program during CCRT is feasible, adherent, and safe in patients with HNC. This study also evaluated the effect of IMT on diaphragm thickness, mobility, and cardiorespiratory parameters in patients with HNC receiving CCRT. Methods: Ten participants with advanced stage HNC receiving CCRT were recruited for the study. Feasibility, adherence, and safety of the intervention were the primary outcomes. Changes in diaphragm thickness and mobility, maximal inspiratory pressure, maximal expiratory pressure, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in first second and functional capacity using 6-MWT were measured at baseline and post 7 weeks of CCRT. IMT was performed at one session per day for 5 days a week for 7 weeks. Eight sets of two minutes of inspiratory manoeuvres with one minute rest period between them with intensity of 40% MIP were given. Results: Ten participants  were included in this study out of the 13 patients screened, indicating the feasibility to be 76.9%. Participants completed a total of 260 training sessions out of the 350 planned sessions denoting the adherence level as 74%. Diaphragm thickness and MEP remained significantly unchanged while significant decline was seen in diaphragm mobility, MIP,FVC, FEV1 and 6-MWD at the end of 7 weeks. No adverse events were reported following the intervention. Conclusion: Inspiratory muscle training did not show significant effect on the diaphragm thickness, mobility, and cardiorespiratory parameters; however, it was feasible, adherent, and safe in patients with HNC receiving CCRT.